站長資訊網1、目的
在已經掌握docker安裝、docker倉庫的基本使用、docker鏡像和容器的基本操作和相互轉化的基礎上，可嘗試通過docker搭建一個web服務器，便于分布式部署或快速移植web服務器。
通過本文的學習，可以了解學習docker容器與宿主機的文件和端口映射，進一步熟練使用docker容器。
2、修改容器，搭建簡單的web服務
安裝nginx
# apt-get install nginx
修改nginx配置文件
# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/web.conf
# server的配置
server {
# 監聽端口
listen 81;
# 項目的初始化頁面
location / {
root /home/visual/nginx_web/;
index index.html;
}
}
修改開機啟動項
# vi /etc/rc.local
####!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will “exit 0” on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.
service ssh start
service nginx start
/bin/bash
exit 0
3、創建鏡像，便于再次啟動容器
通過commit操作創建docker鏡像文件，上篇文章已經講過，命令如下
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/docker$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
568e5204fff3 Ubuntu “/bin/sh -c ‘while…” 40 hours ago Exited (137) 38 hours ago kind_khorana
00f561d97811 ubuntu “/bin/echo hello w…” 40 hours ago Exited (0) 40 hours ago nifty_mcnulty
93a1b9d39683 ubuntu “bash” 40 hours ago Exited (0) 5 seconds ago zealous_noether
abdc084f9821 hello-world “/hello” 41 hours ago Exited (0) 18 hours ago sleepy_clarke
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/docker$ docker commit 93a1b9d39683 learn/nginx:v2
sha256:ab92edd21696770f1eb37e9229b6834094a8d3381e5b4e9edc620b7927004bb4
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/docker$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
learn/nginx v2 ab92edd21696 5 seconds ago 370MB
learn/visual_init v1 56a4eab7dc5b 37 hours ago 321MB
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/zhangsp/ai visual_init 56a4eab7dc5b 37 hours ago 321MB
ubuntu latest 14f60031763d 5 days ago 120MB
hello-world latest 1815c82652c0 5 weeks ago 1.84kB
4、啟動新容器
使用新創建的鏡像learn/nginx:v2，啟動新容器
# docker run -it –name nginx_test -h docker-nginx -p 8001:81 -p 8000:80 -v /home/linuxidc/docker/nginx_web/:/home/visual/nginx_web/ learn/nginx:v2 /bin/sh /etc/rc.local
啟動容器的參數介紹
-it，交互方式啟動
–name nginx_test，指定新容器的名稱是nginx_test
-h docker-nginx，指定新容器的主機名是docker-nginx
-p 8001:81 -p 8000:80，指定宿主機與docker容器的端口映射，宿主機的8001對應docker容器的81，宿主機的8000對應docker容器的80
-v /home/linuxidc/docker/nginx_web/:/home/visual/nginx_web/，指定宿主機與docker容器的文件映射，宿主機的/home/linuxidc/docker/nginx_web/ 對應docker容器的 /home/visual/nginx_web/
learn/nginx:v2，指定啟動容器對應的鏡像是learn/nginx:v2，可以是鏡像ID
/bin/sh /etc/rc.local，指定容器啟動后，執行shell腳本是/etc/rc.local
查看docker容器，容器nginx_test處于up狀態，說明啟動正常
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/docker/nginx_web$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cbbbe7a5d47a learn/nginx:v2 “/bin/sh /etc/rc.l…” 25 minutes ago Up 24 minutes 0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8001->81/tcp nginx_test
966bd52b72da ubuntu “/bin/sh -c ‘while…” 42 hours ago Exited (137) 40 hours ago stupefied_knuth
00f561d97811 ubuntu “/bin/echo hello w…” 42 hours ago Exited (0) 42 hours ago nifty_mcnulty
93a1b9d39683 ubuntu “bash” 43 hours ago Exited (0) About an hour ago zealous_noether
abdc084f9821 hello-world “/hello” 43 hours ago Exited (0) 20 hours ago sleepy_clarke
5、測試docker_nginx是否正常
通過瀏覽器測試8001端口
通過瀏覽器測試8000端口
修改宿主機的文件，并測試8001端口
修改宿主機的/home/linuxidc/docker/nginx_web/index.html文件
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/docker/nginx_web$ vi index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx! I am in docker!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx! I am in Docker!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href=”http://nginx.org/”>nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href=”http://nginx.com/”>nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
通過瀏覽器測試8001端口，發現“Welcome to nginx! I am in docker!”，說明內容已經修改，使用docker做為web服務器的功能已經OK
更多Docker相關教程見以下內容：
Linux 下的 Docker 安裝與使用 http://m.wangcai868.com/Linux/2018-06/152996.htm
CentOS 7安裝Docker應用容器引擎 http://m.wangcai868.com/Linux/2018-06/152856.htm
CentOS 7.3環境安裝Docker 18.03 http://m.wangcai868.com/Linux/2018-05/152356.htm
使用Docker分分鐘啟動常用應用 http://m.wangcai868.com/Linux/2017-04/142649.htm
CentOS 7使用Docker搭建GitLab服務器 http://m.wangcai868.com/Linux/2018-04/151725.htm
30分鐘帶你了解Docker http://m.wangcai868.com/Linux/2018-08/153346.htm
Docker容器常見操作詳解 http://m.wangcai868.com/Linux/2018-08/153685.htm
Docker發布應用程序指南 http://m.wangcai868.com/Linux/2018-08/153405.htm
