站長(zhǎng)資訊網(wǎng)Hadoop在整個(gè)大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)體系中占有至關(guān)重要的地位，是大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)和敲門磚，對(duì)Hadoop基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的掌握程度會(huì)在一定程度決定在大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)的道路上能走多遠(yuǎn)。
最近想要學(xué)習(xí)Spark，首先需要搭建Spark的環(huán)境，Spark的依賴環(huán)境比較多，需要Java JDK、Hadoop的支持。我們就分步驟依次介紹各個(gè)依賴的安裝和配置。新安裝了一個(gè)Linux Ubuntu 18.04系統(tǒng)，想在此系統(tǒng)上進(jìn)行環(huán)境搭建，詳細(xì)記錄一下過(guò)程。
訪問(wèn)Spark的官網(wǎng)，閱讀Spark的安裝過(guò)程，發(fā)現(xiàn)Spark需要使用到hadoop，Java JDK等，當(dāng)然官網(wǎng)也提供了Hadoop free的版本。本文還是從安裝Java JDK開(kāi)始，逐步完成Spark的單機(jī)安裝。
1、Java JDK8的安裝
前往Oracle官網(wǎng)下載JDK8，選擇適合自己操作系統(tǒng)的版本，此處選擇Linux 64
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
下載之后的包放到某個(gè)目錄下，此處放在/opt/java目錄
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/www.linuxidc.com$ sudo cp /home/linuxidc/www.linuxidc.com/jdk-8u231-linux-x64.tar.gz /opt/java/
[sudo] linuxidc 的密碼：
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/www.linuxidc.com$ cd /opt/java/
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/java$ ls
jdk-8u231-linux-x64.tar.gz
使用命令：tar -zxvf jdk-8u231-linux-x64.tar.gz 解壓縮
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/java$ sudo tar -zxf jdk-8u231-linux-x64.tar.gz
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/java$ ls
jdk1.8.0_231 jdk-8u231-linux-x64.tar.gz
修改配置文件/etc/profile，使用命令：sudo nano /etc/profile
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/java$ sudo nano /etc/profile
在文件末尾增加以下內(nèi)容（具體路徑依據(jù)環(huán)境而定）：
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/jdk1.8.0_231
export JRE_HOME=/opt/java/jdk1.8.0_231/jre
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
保存退出，在終端界面使用命令： source /etc/profile 使配置文件生效。
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/java$ source /etc/profile
使用java -version驗(yàn)證安裝是否成功，以下回顯表明安裝成功了。
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/java$ java -version
java version “1.8.0_231”
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_231-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.231-b11, mixed mode)
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/java$
2、安裝Hadoop
前往官網(wǎng)https://hadoop.apache.org/releases.html下載hadoop，此處選擇版本2.7.7
http://www.apache.org/dist/hadoop/core/hadoop-2.7.7/hadoop-2.7.7.tar.gz
hadoop需要ssh免密登陸等功能，因此先安裝ssh。
使用命令：
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/www.linuxidc.com$ sudo apt-get install ssh
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/www.linuxidc.com$ sudo apt-get install rsync
將下載的包放到某個(gè)目錄下，此處放在/opt/hadoop
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/www.linuxidc.com$ sudo cp /home/linuxidc/www.linuxidc.com/hadoop-2.7.7.tar.gz /opt/hadoop/
使用命令：tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7.7.tar.gz 進(jìn)行解壓縮
此處選擇偽分布式的安裝方式（Pseudo-Distributed)
修改解壓后的目錄下的子目錄文件 etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh，將JAVA_HOME路徑修改為本機(jī)JAVA_HOME的路徑，如下圖：
配置Hadoop的環(huán)境變量
使用命令：
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7/etc/hadoop$ sudo nano /etc/profile
添加以下內(nèi)容：
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7
修改PATH變量，添加hadoop的bin目錄進(jìn)去
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${HADOOP_HOME}/bin:$PATH
修改解壓后的目錄下的子目錄文件 etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7/etc/hadoop$ sudo nano core-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFS</name>
<value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
</property>
</configuration>
如下圖：
修改解壓后的目錄下的子目錄文件 etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7/etc/hadoop$ sudo nano hdfs-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
</configuration>
如下圖：
設(shè)置免密登陸
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/www.linuxidc.com$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ” -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /home/linuxidc/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/linuxidc/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:zY+ELQc3sPXwTBRfKlTwntek6TWVsuQziHtu3N/6L5w linuxidc@linuxidc
The key’s randomart image is:
+—[RSA 2048]—-+
| . o.*+. .|
| + B o o.|
| o o =o+.o|
| B..+oo=o|
| S.*. ==.+|
| +.o .oo.|
| .o.o… |
| oo .E .|
| .. o==|
+—-[SHA256]—–+
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/www.linuxidc.com$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/www.linuxidc.com$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
使用命令：ssh localhost 驗(yàn)證是否成功，如果不需要輸入密碼即可登陸說(shuō)明成功了。
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/www.linuxidc.com$ ssh localhost
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.4.0-999-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
* Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.
– Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:
https://ubuntu.com/livepatch
188 個(gè)可升級(jí)軟件包。
0 個(gè)安全更新。
Your Hardware Enablement Stack (HWE) is supported until April 2023.
Last login: Sat Nov 30 23:25:35 2019 from 127.0.0.1
接下來(lái)需要驗(yàn)證Hadoop的安裝
a、格式化文件系統(tǒng)
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7$ bin/hdfs namenode -format
19/11/30 23:29:06 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = linuxidc/127.0.1.1
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 2.7.7
……
b、啟動(dòng)Namenode和Datanode
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
Starting namenodes on [localhost]
localhost: starting namenode, logging to /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7/logs/hadoop-linuxidc-namenode-linuxidc.out
localhost: starting datanode, logging to /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7/logs/hadoop-linuxidc-datanode-linuxidc.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
The authenticity of host ‘0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)’ can’t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:OSXsQK3E9ReBQ8c5to2wvpcS6UGrP8tQki0IInUXcG0.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
0.0.0.0: Warning: Permanently added ‘0.0.0.0’ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7/logs/hadoop-linuxidc-secondarynamenode-linuxidc.out
c、瀏覽器訪問(wèn)http://localhost:50070
3、Scala安裝：
下載地址：https://www.scala-lang.org/download/2.11.8.html
下載好后解壓到：/opt/scala
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/下載$ sudo tar zxf scala-2.11.8.tgz -C /opt/scala
[sudo] linuxidc 的密碼：
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/下載$ cd /opt/scala
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/scala$ ls
scala-2.11.8
配置環(huán)境變量：
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/scala$ sudo nano /etc/profile
添加：
export SCALA_HOME=/opt/scala/scala-2.11.8
source /etc/profile
4、安裝spark
前往spark官網(wǎng)下載spark
https://spark.apache.org/downloads.html
此處選擇版本如下：
spark-2.4.4-bin-hadoop2.7
將spark放到某個(gè)目錄下，此處放在/opt/spark
使用命令：tar -zxvf spark-2.4.0-bin-hadoop2.7.tgz 解壓縮即可
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/www.linuxidc.com$ sudo cp /home/linuxidc/www.linuxidc.com/spark-2.4.4-bin-hadoop2.7.tgz /opt/spark/
[sudo] linuxidc 的密碼：
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/www.linuxidc.com$ cd /opt/spark/
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/spark$ ls
spark-2.4.4-bin-hadoop2.7.tgz
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/spark$ sudo tar -zxf spark-2.4.4-bin-hadoop2.7.tgz
[sudo] linuxidc 的密碼：
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/spark$ ls
spark-2.4.4-bin-hadoop2.7 spark-2.4.4-bin-hadoop2.7.tgz
使用命令： ./bin/run-example SparkPi 10 測(cè)試spark的安裝
配置環(huán)境變量SPARK_HOME
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/spark/spark-2.4.4-bin-hadoop2.7$ sudo nano /etc/profile
export SPARK_HOME=/opt/spark/spark-2.4.4-bin-hadoop2.7
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${HADOOP_HOME}/bin:${SPARK_HOME}/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
配置配置spark-env.sh
進(jìn)入到spark/conf/
sudo cp /opt/spark/spark-2.4.4-bin-hadoop2.7/conf/spark-env.sh.template /opt/spark/spark-2.4.4-bin-hadoop2.7/conf/spark-env.sh
linuxidc@linuxidc:/opt/spark/spark-2.4.4-bin-hadoop2.7/conf$ sudo nano spark-env.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/java/jdk1.8.0_231
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.7/etc/hadoop
export SPARK_HOME=/opt/spark/spark-2.4.4-bin-hadoop2.7
export SCALA_HOME=/opt/scala/scala-2.11.8
export SPARK_MASTER_IP=127.0.0.1
export SPARK_MASTER_PORT=7077
export SPARK_MASTER_WEBUI_PORT=8099
export SPARK_WORKER_CORES=3
export SPARK_WORKER_INSTANCES=1
export SPARK_WORKER_MEMORY=5G
export SPARK_WORKER_WEBUI_PORT=8081
export SPARK_EXECUTOR_CORES=1
export SPARK_EXECUTOR_MEMORY=1G
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$HADOOP_HOME/lib/native
Java，Hadoop等具體路徑根據(jù)自己實(shí)際環(huán)境設(shè)置。
啟動(dòng)bin目錄下的spark-shell
可以看到已經(jīng)進(jìn)入到scala環(huán)境，此時(shí)就可以編寫代碼啦。
spark-shell的web界面http://127.0.0.1:4040
暫時(shí)先這樣，如有什么疑問(wèn)，請(qǐng)?jiān)贚inux公社下面的評(píng)論欄里提出。
